Skip to main content

The Irony of American History by Reinhold Niebuhr

A densely written, difficult book, but very much worth reading. Predictive (almost prophetic you could say) of many of the struggles the USA faces now, nearly 70 years later. See, for example, the ugly ironies of modern culture wars, the invisible ironies of modern censorship, and saddest of all, the ironic struggle of working and middle classes under our technology overlords and government elites who, under the guise of "helping" us, increasingly control what we see, what we can say, and what we can do.

Niebuhr also points out in powerful ways the irony of "the pursuit of happiness" and how it places the individual in opposition to the collective, and how it leads ultimately to a vapid and vulgar culture.

The more powerful we have become as a nation, the less we are masters of our destiny. Niebuhr points out, again ironically, that we were a far greater master of our nation's destiny in the early decades of our history than we are now. When Niebuhr wrote this book in the early 1950s, we were totally unable to control the spread of international communism, we were unable to do anything about the USSR's complete hegemony over all of Eastern Europe, we stood helplessly by as China fell to Communism, and we were about to begin, with the conflict in Korea, the first of an endless list of "endless wars."

Today, you could argue we are more "powerful" than ever, yet far from controlling our destiny, we can hardly control ourselves at all. We bound from endless war to endless war across the Middle East, accomplishing nothing except adding strength and number to peoples who hate us (with good reason). And learning nothing: we further extended our wars into the domain of international trade, engaging in trade policies that ultimately gutted our own labor market, depressed our own workers' wages, and led to the export of most of our manufacturing base.

With all the power that we supposedly have, we remain nothing more than a "pitiful helpless giant" (to borrow the 1970s phrase from Richard Nixon), "living in an age of anarchy, both abroad and at home."

As individuals we are no less impotent. We allow our childish sociocultural tribalisms and our ill-informed ideological disputes to interfere with family, friendships and living a friendly, healthy life. And we always think we're right and the other guy is wrong! Another painful irony.

Finally, this book brought home to me, indirectly, the utter pointlessness of talking about politics. Keep in mind: Decades ago, Reinhold Niebuhr wrote a profound and deeply insightful book illustrating ironic hypocrisies throughout our political system. Today, no one reads this book (I only discovered it thanks to an obscure footnote in another obscure book that no one has ever read), and no one has even heard of Reinhold Niebuhr. Yet he's one of the 20th Century's most important philosopher-theologians! 

So why would we think there is any merit in offering our own unread, unremembered and ill-informed thoughts on politics in the postmodern era, which at their best take the form of virtue signalling and snarky putdowns on heavily-censored social media sites?

More Posts

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

Huckleberry Finn is really two books: a good one and a bad one. The good one, the first fifteen or sixteen chapters, is engaging, original and beautiful. The second book, the bad one, is hackneyed, inorganic, farcical, and in places nearly unreadable.  It feels like the overall work was written by two different people, which in fact it more or less was: the Mark Twain of 1876, fresh off the tremendous success of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and the Mark Twain of seven years later, cramped with financial stress and writer's block. Thus the back two-thirds of the book feels more like a collection of vaguely related short stories than a coherent novel, with random characters entering and exiting the stage to resuscitate an increasingly cadaverous plot. Twain is even forced to wedge Tom Sawyer back into the story late in the book, thanks to one of American literature's least plausible coincidences. It brings to mind Virginia Woolf's famously condescending remark about the no...

Understanding Human Nature by Alfred Adler

A difficult book, in part because Adler isn't all that good at expressing his ideas: he's a practitioner, not a writer, and it shows. Further, I believe Understanding Human Nature has more in direct value than direct value: the reader has to move from what the book teaches to a layer of second-order insights. I'll explain what I mean in a moment. First a quick summary of the book's core themes and ideas. According to Adler, we all have a psyche, formed and largely fixed in childhood, and that psyche has an ulterior psychological goal. For most of us, unfortunately, that goal takes the form of striving for power, control, attention, or superiority. Throughout the book Adler gives examples where peoples' psyche-driven strivings cause suffering, both for themselves as well as everyone else in their blast radius. Most of us will likely resist Adler's claim that to understand other people and their motivations you must first understand their psyches' "ulter...

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain

Fun, engaging novel about a very intelligent--and very naughty--boy. If we're lucky, we will all have a little bit of Tom Sawyer in us: we all misbehave, we all show off, we all counted the interminable minutes until recess, and we all have our little schemes and connivances. Nobody remembers the boys who behave themselves all the time. There's some subtlety to Twain's writing too at times: we see a good example in Chapter 6, when Tom is late to school. [1] You have to read with fairly close attention to note that Tom sees an empty seat, the only empty seat, next to Becky Thatcher on the girls' side of the classroom. He was thinking several steps ahead, and this was exactly why he spontaneously admits to his teacher, loudly, that his tardiness was due to talking to the town's black sheep, Huck Finn. He did it because he knew the teacher would put him on the girls' side of the schoolroom, right next to Becky! [A quick affiliate link to Amazon for those readers...